Compound Sentece and Compound-Compex Sentence

     COMPOUND SENTENCE AND COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE        

(last syntax summary)

Assalamu’alaikum wr,wb

What’s up guys !

In this occasion we are going to continue our discussion about SETENCES that haven’t finish last week. Did you remember it ?

                                   COMPOUND SENTENCE                                    

It contains two or more independent clause and no subordinate clauses. Independent clause maybe joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction, by correlative conjunction, b semicolon (:), by conjunctive adverb or by transitional expression.

Cordinative Conjunction

These conjunction join equal sentence parts. These are seven coordinate conjunctions:

For (Reason)

And (Argumentation)

Nor (Contrast)

But (Contrast)

Or (Contrast)

Yet (Contrast)

So (Reason)

Correlativ Conjunction

These conjunction, as seen in the case of compound subjects and predicates, are used in pairs.

Either ... or ...

Neither ... nor ...

Both ... and ...

Not only ... but also

Conjunctive Adverbs

These adverbs, like coordinate and correlative conjunction, are used to connect basic sentence patterns and make compound sentences.

Also

Incidentally

Next

Indeed

Noneless

Besides

Instead

Otherwise

Consequently

Likewise

Anywaystill

Finally

Then

Meanwhile

Futhermore

Moreover

Therefore

However

Nevertheless

Thus

Transitional Expressions

These expression are usually prepositional phrase used as adverbs.

After all

As a result

At any rat

By the way

For example

For instance

Even so

In fact

In other words

On the contrary

On the oter hand

In addition

Examples Compound Sentences

a). Everyone was busy, so I watched the movie alone.

b). Should we start class now, or wait for everyone to get here?

c). She did not cheat on the test, for it was the wrong thing to do.

d). We should turn our assignment before 12 o’clock; otherwise, the professor will not accepted them.

e). Check back tomorrow; I will see if the book has arrived. (with semicolon)

                               COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE                         

It is the most complicated sentences. Contains two or more independent clauses (coordinate) and at least one dependent clause (subordinate).

Examples Compound-Complex Sentence

a). Rina doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t watch them.

b). My sister doesn’t like –drama because it is boring, so he ignore it.

c). Usually I take a walk everyday while the sun sets, but it was raining today.

d). I can start a conversation that makes people interested, but it’s hard to keep it going because I often run out of things to say.

How To Make Compound-Complex Sentence?

Step 1 : Make first independent clause

The cat jumped into the couch.

Step 2 : Make second independet clause

The cat sat down on top of the remote.

Step 3 : Make dependent clause

When Nanda was reaching for the remote control.

Step 4 : Put it together with conjunctions

The cat jumped into the couch and the cat sat down on top of the remote control when Nanda was reaching for the remote control.

Or

The cat jumped into the coach and sat down on top of the remote control when Nanda was reaching for it.

Or

When Nanda was reaching remote control, the cat jumped into the coach and sat down on top of the remote control.

Alhamdulillah this is the last summary about syntax taks in my blog. But it’is not the end about my blog, next time we will meet again and discuss about the other material or etc. that more intersting. Aamiin. Thanks for reading guys... J

Honorable miss ENDANG SARTIKA who is my beloved syntax’s lecturer, I collect these summary to fulfil my assignment. Thank you miss, because of you, so I can  make and write on blog like this. I’m sorry for the bad and wrong blog, because this is my first experience written on blog and i’m still learn about it. I waiting for your comment to my blog, so that it will be better for the next.

Thank you so much J

Wassalamu’alaikum wr,wb. See youu..

What Are Noun and Pronoun?

Summary (3)

October 10, 2018

"NOUNS AND PRONOUNS"

 

Hi my friends....as usual, every week I'll write a summary about my syntax's task, it's interesting right? I hope you all always follow my blog and read it. Because it's so useful for us, especially English learner and English lovers. Ok, let's check it out guyss!!

Classifications of Nouns 

A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. 

Proper Nouns 

Are nouns that refer to specific entities. Proper nouns like Shanty, Indonesia, Unsoed, IAIN Purwokerto, House are capitalized to show their distinction from common nouns, such as "man" or "building''.

 

Common Nouns 

Refer to general, unspecific categories of entities. So, while Indonesia is a proper noun because it names a specific state, state is a common noun because it can refer to any state. Other examples: City, Car, IAIN, etc.

Material Nouns 

Refer to materials or substances from which things are made. Let's take cotton, for example. Cotton is an adjective when used in cotton dress. However, cotton is a material noun when used to describe the crop. For example: We use cotton from a local farm in our t-shirts.Other examples: Cheese, Sugar, Silk, Chocolate.

Compound Nouns
 

A compound noun contains two or more words that join together to make a single noun. Compound nouns can be two words written as one (closed form) such as softball and toothpaste, words that are hyphenated (hyphenated form) such as six-pack and son-in-law, or separate words (open form) such as post office and upper class that go together by meaning. 

Countable Nouns 

Countable nouns can occur in both single and plural forms, can be modified by numerals, and can co-occur with quantifying determiners such as many, most, more, several, etc. Examples: Apple, Candy, Pencil, etc.

For example, the noun bike is a countable noun.

• There is a bike in that garage.

In this example, the word bike is singular because it refers to one bike that is sitting in a particular garage.

However, bike can also occur in the plural form.

• There are six bikes in that garage.

In this example, the plural noun bikes refers to more than one bike because it is being modified by the numeral six.

In addition, countable nouns can co-occur with quantifying determiners like "several," rather than a numeral.

• In that garage, several bikes are broken.  

Uncountable Nouns

Conversely, some nouns are not countable. They're called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. For example, the word clutter is an uncountable noun.

• The garage is full of clutter.

This sentence makes grammatical sense. However, the following example does not.

• That garage is full of clutters.

Uncountable nouns usually cannot take plural forms. Therefore, clutters isn't grammatical.

Substances, liquids, and powders are entities that are often signified by mass nouns such as milk, rice, wood, sand, water, and flour. Other more abstract examples that cannot be counted would be air, freedom, or intelligence. 

Collective Nouns
 

Word refer to groups of people or thing. Example: Students, Family, Audience, etc.

Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns are nouns that refer to things that exist physically and can be touched, seen, smelled, felt, or tasted. Examples Car, Cat, Tree. Here are some examples:

• Can I pet your dog?
• Please pass the salt.
• Your sweater is made of such soft wool.

Abstract Nouns

Abstract nouns are the word that refer to entities that we cannot feel with our five senses. Ideas, qualities or conditions like love, hate, power, and time are all examples of abstract nouns.

• All you need is love.
• I hate my new school.
• We must use this time wisely. 

Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns demonstrate ownership over something else. The best way to spot them is to look for an apostrophe. Here are some examples:

• Melissa's imagination ran wild as she daydreamed about her trip to Ireland.
• Ireland's landscape is truly breathtaking.
• The puppy's favorite toy is the squeaky newspaper.

Inanimate Nouns

Are the word which refer to a thing or concept and corelate with pronouns It and Which. Example: Bovhood, etc.

Animate Nouns

Refering to person, animal, or other creature and corelate with pronouns He, She, and Who. Example: Boy, Girl, Sheep, etc.

Plural Nouns

Word refer to more than one thing, or many things. Example; Children, Men, Feet, Women.

 

Singular Nouns

A single word refers to one object or thing. Example: Child, Man, Foot, Woman.

 Classifications of Pronouns

What are pronouns? pronouuns are words which replace a noun: I, Me, She, We, They, Who, That, Yours, His, Her, etc. Pronouns should only be used if the name of the person (or group of people), place (places), or thing (or things). Pronouns can be subjects or objects, are show possession.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns take the place of people or things. They can be either singular or plural, depending whether they refer to one or multiple nouns. Examples include I, me, we, and us.
Personal pronouns are usually either the subject of a sentence or an object within a sentence. Each personal pronoun has different forms depending on its function. For example, if a writer is referring to himself, he should use I if he’s the subject of a sentence, as in “I saw the dog.” If he’s the object, he should use me, as in “The dog saw me.”

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are personal pronouns that also indicate possession of something. They have singular forms (like my), and plural forms (like our). These pronouns often appear before the possessed item, but not always. For example, both “my car” and “the car is mine” both indicate the who owns the car.

Reflexive Pronouns

When a subject performs an action on itself, the sentence uses a reflexive pronoun after the verb. Reflexive pronouns include myself, himself, and herself. An example of a reflexive pronoun is found the common expression “I kicked myself.”

Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns are similar to reflexive pronouns, but they involve groups of two or more that perform the same action with one another. There are only two reciprocal pronouns: each other (for groups of two) and one another (for larger groups).

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun starts a clause (a group of words that refer to a noun). Who, that, and which are all relative pronouns. They can also serve as other types of pronouns, depending on the sentence. For example, in “I saw the dog that you own,” the relative pronoun that is the beginning of the clause that you own, which describes the dog.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns point out or modify a person or thing. There are four demonstrative pronouns: this and that (for singular words), and these and those (for plural words).

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns begin questions. For example, in “Who are you?”, the interrogative pronoun who starts the question. There are five interrogative pronouns: who, whom, and whose (for questions that involve people), and which and what (for questions that involve things).

Indefinite Pronouns

Like personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns refer to people or things, but they don’t have a specific person or thing to reference. Examples of indefinite pronouns include some, anyone, and everything.


Thats all from my summary, you know guys, now at 21.30 p.m I'm at Library of IAIN Purwokerto and I really really sleepy...I have to back to my Islamic Boarding School Now! see yaa next week Insha Allah.....

Morphology (Nuriatul Hikmah)

First summary (1)
26 September 2018

Hello internasional poeople, 
Welcome to my blog... uhmm the first blog actually. Happy reading guys!

Before it, Allow me introduce my self, my name is Nuriatul hikmah you can call me Nury or Uyi or etc. Up to you...i’m from Ciamis and now i’m fifth semester of English Education Department student. 

Okay, in this moment  i’ll share about MORPHOLOGY, what is it? let’s check in.

"MORPHOLOGY"

A. The Four Core Areas Of Linguistics
1. Phonetics and phonology deal with pronounciation.
2. Morphology cover the structure of words, deal with word process.
3. Syntax study of the sentence structure, syntax explains sentence patterens.
4. Semantics study of the meaning.

B. Morpheme
A morpheme is a meaningful linguistics unit consisting of a word (such as a dog) or a word element (such as the –s at the end of dogs) that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. Morpheme is the smallest or minimum meaning unit in linguistic.  The synonym of morpheme is glosseme.

Simple Word and Complex Word
Simple word is a word that has one or two morphemes e.g. Dislike (Dis+Like).
Complex word is a word that has more than two morphemes. E.g. Inflection (In+Flec+Tion).

Free Morpheme and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme can function independently as words (egg, apple) and can appear within lexemex (e.g. townhall, doghouse).
Bound morpheme is appear only as parts of words, always in conjunction with a root and sometimes with other bound morphemes.

Examples :
Chairs (two morphemes) :  Chair is Free morpheme

   S is Bound morpheme

Encouragement (three morphemes) :  En is Bound morpheme

   Courage is Free morpheme

   Ment is Bound morpheme

Unhappy (two morphemes) :  Un is Bound morpheme

   Happy is Free morpheme

Let’s look at word “Distrustfulness”
That word has four functional, and therefore, meaningful parts: Dis, trust, ful, ness (There are four morphemes). All four parts of this word function and are meaningful in other word of the English language: disprove, trusty, beautiful, and happines. We should notice, too, that these parts cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units.

C. Allomorph
Allomorphs are the variants of morpheme that differ in pronounciation but are semantically identical. If we say that the plural in English is denoted by symbol ( s ), then we can establish that the plural has three alternate pronouunciations: / s /, / iz /, and / z /. The word is pronounced according to the rule. E.g. Horse ( horses, Buzz ( Buzzez, Book ( Books.

D. Root/ Base and Stem
Root ( The basic of word)
Stem ( A word that after less one suffix)

Examples:
Unladylike : Lady is Root
                                  Unlady is Stem
Nationalize : Nation is Root
                                  National is Stem
Distrustful : Trust is Root
                                  Distrust is Stem
Distrustfulness : Trust is Root
                                  Distrustful is Stem

E. Affix
Affix is a bound morpheme that appear before or after the base word. Affix divided into some classifications below:
1). Prefix ( Located before the base word ) e.g. Irregular ( Ir )
2). Infix ( Located in the middle of the base word )
3). Suffix ( Located after the base word) e.g. Actor ( Or )
4). Circumfix ( Combine the prefix and suffix) e.g. Encouragement ( En + Ment )
5). Simulfix ( changing a vowel) e.g. Eat ( Ate, Tooth ( Teeth ).

Ok guys, that’s all about summary of morphology, I hope it can be useful for us to understand. Thanks, see you on my next blog.