Summary (3)
October 10, 2018
"NOUNS AND PRONOUNS"
Hi my friends....as usual, every
week I'll write a summary about my syntax's task, it's interesting right? I
hope you all always follow my blog and read it. Because it's so useful for us,
especially English learner and English lovers. Ok, let's check it out guyss!!
Classifications of Nouns
A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea.
Proper Nouns
Are nouns
that refer to specific entities. Proper nouns like Shanty, Indonesia,
Unsoed, IAIN Purwokerto, House are capitalized to show their distinction
from common nouns, such as "man" or "building''.
Common Nouns
Refer to
general, unspecific categories of entities. So, while Indonesia is a proper
noun because it names a specific state, state is a common noun because
it can refer to any state. Other examples: City, Car, IAIN, etc.
Material Nouns
Refer to
materials or substances from which things are made. Let's take cotton,
for example. Cotton is an adjective when used in cotton dress.
However, cotton is a material noun when used to describe the crop. For
example: We use cotton from a local farm in our t-shirts.Other examples:
Cheese, Sugar, Silk, Chocolate.
Compound Nouns
A compound
noun contains two or more words that join together to make a single noun.
Compound nouns can be two words written as one (closed form) such as softball
and toothpaste, words that are hyphenated (hyphenated form) such as six-pack
and son-in-law, or separate words (open form) such as post office
and upper class that go together by meaning.
Countable Nouns
Countable
nouns can occur in both single and plural forms, can be modified by numerals,
and can co-occur with quantifying determiners such as many, most, more,
several, etc. Examples: Apple, Candy, Pencil, etc.
For example,
the noun bike is a countable noun.
- There is a bike in that garage.
In this
example, the word bike is singular because it refers to one bike that is
sitting in a particular garage.
However,
bike can also occur in the plural form.
- There are six bikes in that garage.
In this
example, the plural noun bikes refers to more than one bike because it is being
modified by the numeral six.
In addition,
countable nouns can co-occur with quantifying determiners like
"several," rather than a numeral.
- In that garage, several bikes are broken.
Uncountable Nouns
Conversely,
some nouns are not countable. They're called uncountable nouns or mass nouns.
For example, the word clutter is an uncountable noun.
- The garage is full of clutter.
This
sentence makes grammatical sense. However, the following example does not.
- That garage is full of clutters.
Uncountable
nouns usually cannot take plural forms. Therefore, clutters isn't
grammatical.
Substances,
liquids, and powders are entities that are often signified by mass nouns such
as milk, rice, wood, sand, water, and flour.
Other more abstract examples that cannot be counted would be air, freedom,
or intelligence.
Collective Nouns
Word refer to groups of people or thing. Example: Students,
Family, Audience, etc.
Concrete Nouns
Concrete
nouns are nouns that refer to things that exist physically and can be touched,
seen, smelled, felt, or tasted. Examples Car, Cat, Tree. Here are some
examples:
- Can I pet your dog?
- Please pass the salt.
- Your sweater is made of such soft wool.
Abstract Nouns
Abstract
nouns are the word that refer to entities that we cannot feel with our five
senses. Ideas, qualities or conditions like love, hate, power, and time are
all examples of abstract nouns.
- All you need is love.
- I hate my new school.
- We must use this time wisely.
Possessive Nouns
Possessive
nouns demonstrate ownership over something else. The best way to spot them is
to look for an apostrophe. Here are some examples:
- Melissa's imagination ran wild as she daydreamed about her trip to Ireland.
- Ireland's landscape is truly breathtaking.
- The puppy's favorite toy is the squeaky newspaper.
Inanimate Nouns
Are the word which refer to a thing or concept and corelate with pronouns It and Which. Example: Bovhood, etc.
Animate Nouns
Refering to person, animal, or other creature and corelate with pronouns He, She, and Who. Example: Boy, Girl, Sheep, etc.
Plural Nouns
Word refer to more than one thing, or many things. Example; Children, Men, Feet, Women.
Singular Nouns
A single word refers to one object or thing. Example: Child, Man, Foot, Woman.
Classifications of Pronouns
What are pronouns? pronouuns are words which replace a noun: I, Me, She, We, They, Who, That, Yours, His, Her, etc. Pronouns should only be used if the name of the person (or group of people), place (places), or thing (or things). Pronouns can be subjects or objects, are show possession.
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns take the place of people or things. They can be either singular or plural, depending whether they refer to one or multiple nouns. Examples include I, me, we, and us.Personal pronouns are usually either the subject of a sentence or an object within a sentence. Each personal pronoun has different forms depending on its function. For example, if a writer is referring to himself, he should use I if he’s the subject of a sentence, as in “I saw the dog.” If he’s the object, he should use me, as in “The dog saw me.”
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are personal pronouns that also indicate possession of something. They have singular forms (like my), and plural forms (like our). These pronouns often appear before the possessed item, but not always. For example, both “my car” and “the car is mine” both indicate the who owns the car.Reflexive Pronouns
When a subject performs an action on itself, the sentence uses a reflexive pronoun after the verb. Reflexive pronouns include myself, himself, and herself. An example of a reflexive pronoun is found the common expression “I kicked myself.”Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns are similar to reflexive pronouns, but they involve groups of two or more that perform the same action with one another. There are only two reciprocal pronouns: each other (for groups of two) and one another (for larger groups).Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun starts a clause (a group of words that refer to a noun). Who, that, and which are all relative pronouns. They can also serve as other types of pronouns, depending on the sentence. For example, in “I saw the dog that you own,” the relative pronoun that is the beginning of the clause that you own, which describes the dog.Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns point out or modify a person or thing. There are four demonstrative pronouns: this and that (for singular words), and these and those (for plural words).Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns begin questions. For example, in “Who are you?”, the interrogative pronoun who starts the question. There are five interrogative pronouns: who, whom, and whose (for questions that involve people), and which and what (for questions that involve things).Indefinite Pronouns
Like personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns refer to people or things, but they don’t have a specific person or thing to reference. Examples of indefinite pronouns include some, anyone, and everything.Thats all from my summary, you know guys, now at 21.30 p.m I'm at Library of IAIN Purwokerto and I really really sleepy...I have to back to my Islamic Boarding School Now! see yaa next week Insha Allah.....
