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ADJECTIVE AND DETERMINER

Adjectives

What is adjective did you know ? There are some meanings about adjective below:

• An adjective is a word that describes and modify a noun. And they are usually used before a noun to describe them.
• Adjectives are words that modify (change) nouns, pronouns, and other adjectives.
• Adjectives are words qualifying nouns or describing words. They qualify or describe nouns. They called noun-helper.

Examples: 

My sister is very cute.
Your English is good enough.
Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee.

Adjective Order

1. Opinion, examples: Nice, pretty, stupid, original, expensive, etc. " A sweet girl "
2. Size, examples: Big, small, large, tiny, enormous, little, etc. " An enermous cupcake"
3. Age, examples: Young, old, new, ancient, antique, etc. " An antique car "
4. Shape, examples: Round, square, flat, straight, etc. " A round coin "
5. Color, examples: Blue, red, yellow, green, pink. " I have an purple scarf "
6. Origin, examples: Italian, British, Mexican, Western. " An Italian pizza "
7. Material, examples: Metal. wooden, plastic, golden, etc. " A wooden house "

Determiners

• Determiners are wors that are used before nouns to show which person or thing you are talking about.
• Determiners come before a noun to show which person or thing the noun refers to.

Examples:

1. I want to buy that book.
2. There are few people here.

In the above examples, that and few are determiners.

Types Of Determiner

1. Descriptive
A descriptive adjectives are used to describe nouns and pronouns. Example: beautiful, tall, annoying, and nice. These adjectives add information and qualities to the words they are modifying.

Examples:

• "The flowers have a nice smell" , the word nice is an adjective descriptive the flowers.
• The cat is hungry/ the hungry cat", the word hungry is an adjective describing the cat.

2. Quantitative
Describe the quantity of something.

Examples:

• "How many siblings do you have?" "I have two siblings".
• "Do you have many friends?" "Yes, I have many friends".

3. Demonstrative

• This, used to refer to a singukar noun close to you.
• That, used to refer to a singular noun far from you.
• These, used to refer to a plural noun close to you.
• Those, used to refer to a plural noun far from you.

Demonstrative adjectives always come before the word they're modifying.
Example:
"Which bicycle is yours?" "This bicycle is mine, and that one used to be mine until I sold it".

4. Possessive Pronouns, are used to show posession or belonging.

• My, belonging to me.
• His, belonging to him.
• Her,belonging to her.
• Their, belonging to them.
• Your, belonging to you.
• Our, belonging to us.

Example: " This is my shoes "

5. Interrogative

Meaning that they ask question. These adjectives are always followed by a nounb or pronoun, and are used to form question.

• Which, asked to make a choice between options.
• What, asks to make a choice (in general).
• Whose, asks who something belongs to.

Example:

"Which colour is your favorite?" not " Which is your favorite colour?".

"Whose child is this "

"What fruit do you want to buy?"

6. Distributive

Always follewed by the noun or pronoun yhey're modifying.

Distributives are used to refer to how people or things divided or shared within a group.

• Each, every single one of a group ( group members individually)
• Every, every single one of a group (to make generalitations).
• Either, one between a choice of two.
• Neither, not one or the other between a choice of two.
• Any, one or some things out of any number of choices. "I'll take any of them".

Example:

"Every rose has its thom"

7. Articles, before noun.

Definite articles are those point a particular person or thing.

• A, a singular, general item.
• An, a singular, general item. Use this before words that start with a vowel.

"I have an apple"

"She is a lecturer"

Indefinite articles, are those articles that leave a person or thing undetermined or confused:

• The, a singular or plural, specific item.

"He saw the movie"


Alhamdulillah... that's all about adjectives and determiners,I hope you all already understand about this materials. See you...

Let'slearnsyntax

summary 4


Assalamu'alaikum all of my friends....i'm so sorry because I just writen this blog, last week i'm getting guys...:( and need much time to take a rest. Well, in this blog we are going to learn about VERB and ADVERB. Did you know it before kaan? okay, let's check it out guys!

Part of Speech-VERB AND ADVERB
 

VERB

Verbs are words that show an action (drink), occurrence (develop), or state of being (exist). Almost every sentence requires a verb. The basic form of a verb is known as its infinitive. The forms call, love, break, and go are all infinitive.

1. Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs are action verbs that have an object to receive that action.

• She drinks water. (Object)
• He drove the car. (Object)

2. Intransitive Verb
Intransitive verbs are actions verbs but unlike transitive verbs, they do not have an object receiving the action.

• The sun shines.
• She is crying.

Some verbs like (cheer, sing, visit, trip) can be transitive or intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. 

• He sang.
• He sang a song.
• Ali tripped. 
• Ali tripped Hussain. 

3. Dynamic/ Event Verbs
The verbs, in which the body movement is involved, are called dynamic or event verbs. These verbs show continued or progressive action on the part of the subject. Example of dynamic verbs are: act, build, complete, design, draw, gather, help, interview, justify, listen, negotiate, outline, perform, record, save, show, travel, uncover, value, write, zoom… 

• She was writing a letter.
• They are playing in the playground.

4. Stative Verbs
The verbs that express a state rather than an action. They usually show mental feelings, emotions, state of a person, place, relationships, sense and measurements.

• I believe in God.
• I am believing in God.
• It sounds like a great idea.
• It is sounding like a great idea.
• I feel your sadness.
• I am feeling your sadness.
• Please forgive him.

Some verbs like: verb to be, think, have and see can be both stative verbs and dynamic verbs depending on their meaning.  

• He is an intelligent teacher. (stative verb)
• He is teaching the students. (dynamic verb)

5. Perception/ Sensation Verbs
The verbs which show our five senses are called perception/ sensation verbs.

• I smell the flowers.
• He is listening to the radio.
• I feel great today.

6. Linking/Copular/Predicating Verbs
Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject. These verbs are usually followed by an adjective or a noun.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the verb be [am, is, are, was, were, has been, are being, might have been, etc.], become, and seem. These true linking verbs are always linking verbs. Then you have a list of verbs with multiple personalities: appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. Sometimes these verbs are linking verbs; sometimes they are action verbs.

7. Phrasal/ Preposition Verbs
The verb which is formed by the combination of a preposition or adverbial particle is called Phrasal/prepositional verb.
Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects.

• I believe in God.
• He is looking after the dog.
• They are talking about the issue.

8. Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Modal verbs are words like can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to etc. They are used with other verbs to express ideas such as possibility, prediction, speculation, deduction and necessity. Or modal verbs show different moods and attitudes of the speaker.

• You should work hard.
• The weather may be colder tomorrow.

9. Helping Verb/ Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary (or Helping) verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question. The most common auxiliary verbs are: have, has, had, do, does, did and to be verbs.

• Have they completed the assignment?
• Ali is writing an e-mail to a client at the moment.

10. Hypothesis Verbs
These verbs are usually followed by subjunctives.  Here, we wish against the present facts in the present, and the formulas are given like;
1. Sub + wish + (that) + sub. + the past indefinite tense
2. Sub + wish + (that) + sub. + were + object
3. Sub + wish + (that) + sub. + had + object

• I wish that he helped me. (Means he does not help me)
• I wish that he were a good teacher. (Means he is not a good teacher)
• She wishes that I had a latest car. (Means I have not a latest car)

Here, we wish against the past facts in the present, and the formulas are given like;
1. Sub + wish + (that) + sub + the past perfect tense
2. Sub + wish + (that) + sub. + had been + object
3. Sub + wish + (that) + sub. + had had + object

• I wish that he had taken admission. (Means he did not take admission)
• I wish that I had been in London. (Means I was not in London)
• She wishes that I had had a bus. (Means I had not a bus)

11. Causative Verbs
In causative verbs we do not perform an action directly, but we get it done indirectly by someone else means by the second person. The formula will be changed according to the absence or presence of the second person. English has three true causative verbs: let, have, make, but there are other verbs such as cause, allow, help, enable, keep, hold, force, require and persuade indeed which are not causative verbs but similarly used as causative verbs.

• He has Nadir help him.

12. Regular and Irregular Verbs
Regular Verbs: Regular verbs are those verbs whose past tense and past participle (2nd and 3rd forms) are formed by adding “d” or “ed” to the end of the verb.

• Cook = cooked
• Play = played

Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs are those verbs that do not take ‘ed’ ending for their past tense and past participle (2nd and 3rd forms). 

• Teach = taught
• Write = wrote = written

ADVERB

Adverb can be defined as “A word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, noun, determiner, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here, now, very). Some adverbs, for example 'sentence adverbs', can also be used to modify whole sentences”.

Types of Adverb

Different kinds of adverbs, expressing different meaning, are described below with proper definition and examples:


1. Adverb of Time
Adverb of time is an adverb which tells us about time of happenings or time of something is done in the sentence. Adverbs of time are used in the beginning (as a form of emphasis) or end of the sentence. Adverbs of time are like already, afterwards, immediately, always, last month, soon, then, now, and yesterday.
For example:

• He admitted to hospital and died yesterday.
• My factory caught fire and burned down in the last month.
• I have completed my homework already.

 

2. Adverb of Place
Adverb of place is an adverb which tells us about the place where something is done or happens in the sentence. It is used generally after the verb, object or end of the sentence. Adverbs of place are like below, here, above, inside, outside, there, over there, under, upstairs, etc.
For example:

• We need to stop here for dinner.
• He was eating under the table.
• A bird fly above in the sky.

3. Adverb of Manner
Adverb of manner is an adverb which tells us about manner of how something is done or happens in the sentence. Such type of adverbs are generally end with 'ly' such as cheerfully, badly, quickly, happily, angrily, sadly, slowly. However, some are simple like fast, well, hard, etc.
For example:

• I went to school cheerfully.
• He runs fast.
• We celebrated teacher's day happily.

4. Adverb of Degree or Quantity
Adverb of degree or quantity is an adverb which tells us about the level or extent of something is done or happens in the sentence. It is used before the adjective or adverb. Adverbs of degree or quantity are like almost, nearly, quite, much, really, too, very, so, etc.
For example:

• It was too hard task for us to complete. (adverb is used before adjective)
• I am quite
• I am feeling really sad for my friend's father death.

 

5. Adverb of Frequency
Adverb of frequency is an adverb which tells us how often something is done or happens in the sentence. Adverbs of frequency are like almost, again, frequently, generally, ever, hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, always, occasionally, often, rarely, never, seldom, twice, usually, sometimes, and weekly.
For example:

• My parents were almost thirty when I born.
• He studies hardly during holidays.
• She thinks she is always right however it is not so.
• He told that he will never talk to me.
• I talk to my neighbors very occasionally.

6. Adverb of Affirmation and Negation
Adverb of affirmation and negation is an adverb which confirms or denies the action of verb in the sentence. It is also used to reinforce the action of verb. Adverbs of affirmation are like definitely, surely, absolutely, etc however adverbs of denial or negation are like no, can’t, don’t, never, etc.
For example:
I will certainly go to the school. (adverb of affirmation)
I never leave you alone. (adverb of negation)

7. Adverb of Comment
Using adverbs of comment, we can make a comment on entire sentence. This adverb can change and describe the verb as well as influence the whole sentence. Adverbs of comment are like fortunately, unfortunately, patiently, honestly, obviously, constantly, etc.
For example:

• Unfortunately, he got discharged from his post.
• Luckily, I got admission in the top college.
• Obviously, it is wrong way to do.
• We happily celebrated the birthday of our class teacher.

 

8. Adverb of Conjunction
Adverb of conjunction help us in connecting the ideas or clauses. It shows effect, sequence, contrast, cause or other relationships between two clauses in the sentence. We need to use a semicolon (;) to conjugate two clauses. Adverbs of conjunction are like anyway, accordingly, consequently, again, contrarily, almost, as a result, besides, certainly, additionally, comparatively, consequently, comparatively, conversely, etc
For example:
Clause 1: He was going to attend an important meeting.
Clause 2: He made sure to attend meeting on time.
Use of Adverb of conjunction in the above two clauses:

• He was going to attend an important meeting; accordingly, made sure to attend meeting on time.

9. Adverb of Reason
Adverb of reason is used to express the reason for, answer the question or purpose of an action in the sentence. Adverbs of reason are like therefore, hence, thus, consequently, so, since, etc.
For example:

• I was not working hard, therefore, I failed.
• Consequently he denied to come to the party.

10. Adverb of Number
Adverb of number is used to show number of action of the verb in a sentence. Adverbs of number are like firstly, secondly, once, yearly, never, twice, lastly, etc.
For example:

• I eat food twice a day. (in this sentence, 'twice' is an adverb of number)
• He saw me once. (in this sentence, 'once' is an adverb of number, however it can also be an adverb of time depends on how it is used in the sentence).

11. Adverb of Comparison
There are three types of Adverbs of comparison, they are- positive, comparative and superlative adverbs.

Adverbs of Comparison List/Examples/Words

• Positive Adverbs of Comparison List

Big, small, long, quick, deep, happy, sad, strong, hot, little etc

• Comparative Adverbs of Comparison List

Bigger, smaller, longer, quicker, deeper, happier, sadder, stronger, hotter, less etc

• Superlative Adverbs of Comparison list

Biggest, smallest, longest, quickest, deepest, happiest, saddest, strongest, hottest, least etc.
Also- more deeply, most deeply, more strongly, most strongly, more quickly and most quickly etc.

Well...That's all about verb and adverb, I hope can remind and help us to learn more easy. Thank you gaes...wassalamu'alaikum wr.wb.

Main Verbs or Action Verbs

Main verbs or action verbs are used to express action; something that an animal, a person or a thing does. In each of the following sentences, we only have a main ver

Main Verbs or Action Verbs

Main verbs or action verbs are used to express action; something that an animal, a person or a thing does. In each of the following sentences, we only have a main verb.
Source: theidioms.com

Verbs Definition

A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event or a state. A sentence may either have a main verb, a helping verb or both. In other words, a verb is a word that informs about an action, an existence of something or an occurrence. The verb is the main word in a sentence. No sentence can be completed without a verb.
Source: theidioms.com

Verbs Definition

A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event or a state. A sentence may either have a main verb, a helping verb or both. In other words, a verb is a word that informs about an action, an existence of something or an occurrence. The verb is the main word in a sentence. No sentence can be completed without a verb.
Source: theidioms.com

Verbs Definition

A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event or a state. A sentence may either have a main verb, a helping verb or both. In other words, a verb is a word that informs about an action, an existence of something or an occurrence. The verb is the main word in a sentence. No sentence can be completed without a verb.
Source: theidioms.com

Verbs Definition

A verb is a doing word that shows an action, an event or a state. A sentence may either have a main verb, a helping verb or both. In other words, a verb is a word that informs about an action, an existence of something or an occurrence. The verb is the main word in a sentence. No sentence can be completed without a verb.
Source: theidioms.com

What Are Noun and Pronoun?

Summary (3)

October 10, 2018

"NOUNS AND PRONOUNS"

 

Hi my friends....as usual, every week I'll write a summary about my syntax's task, it's interesting right? I hope you all always follow my blog and read it. Because it's so useful for us, especially English learner and English lovers. Ok, let's check it out guyss!!

Classifications of Nouns 

A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. 

Proper Nouns 

Are nouns that refer to specific entities. Proper nouns like Shanty, Indonesia, Unsoed, IAIN Purwokerto, House are capitalized to show their distinction from common nouns, such as "man" or "building''.

 

Common Nouns 

Refer to general, unspecific categories of entities. So, while Indonesia is a proper noun because it names a specific state, state is a common noun because it can refer to any state. Other examples: City, Car, IAIN, etc.

Material Nouns 

Refer to materials or substances from which things are made. Let's take cotton, for example. Cotton is an adjective when used in cotton dress. However, cotton is a material noun when used to describe the crop. For example: We use cotton from a local farm in our t-shirts.Other examples: Cheese, Sugar, Silk, Chocolate.

Compound Nouns
 

A compound noun contains two or more words that join together to make a single noun. Compound nouns can be two words written as one (closed form) such as softball and toothpaste, words that are hyphenated (hyphenated form) such as six-pack and son-in-law, or separate words (open form) such as post office and upper class that go together by meaning. 

Countable Nouns 

Countable nouns can occur in both single and plural forms, can be modified by numerals, and can co-occur with quantifying determiners such as many, most, more, several, etc. Examples: Apple, Candy, Pencil, etc.

For example, the noun bike is a countable noun.

• There is a bike in that garage.

In this example, the word bike is singular because it refers to one bike that is sitting in a particular garage.

However, bike can also occur in the plural form.

• There are six bikes in that garage.

In this example, the plural noun bikes refers to more than one bike because it is being modified by the numeral six.

In addition, countable nouns can co-occur with quantifying determiners like "several," rather than a numeral.

• In that garage, several bikes are broken.  

Uncountable Nouns

Conversely, some nouns are not countable. They're called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. For example, the word clutter is an uncountable noun.

• The garage is full of clutter.

This sentence makes grammatical sense. However, the following example does not.

• That garage is full of clutters.

Uncountable nouns usually cannot take plural forms. Therefore, clutters isn't grammatical.

Substances, liquids, and powders are entities that are often signified by mass nouns such as milk, rice, wood, sand, water, and flour. Other more abstract examples that cannot be counted would be air, freedom, or intelligence. 

Collective Nouns
 

Word refer to groups of people or thing. Example: Students, Family, Audience, etc.

Concrete Nouns

Concrete nouns are nouns that refer to things that exist physically and can be touched, seen, smelled, felt, or tasted. Examples Car, Cat, Tree. Here are some examples:

• Can I pet your dog?
• Please pass the salt.
• Your sweater is made of such soft wool.

Abstract Nouns

Abstract nouns are the word that refer to entities that we cannot feel with our five senses. Ideas, qualities or conditions like love, hate, power, and time are all examples of abstract nouns.

• All you need is love.
• I hate my new school.
• We must use this time wisely. 

Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns demonstrate ownership over something else. The best way to spot them is to look for an apostrophe. Here are some examples:

• Melissa's imagination ran wild as she daydreamed about her trip to Ireland.
• Ireland's landscape is truly breathtaking.
• The puppy's favorite toy is the squeaky newspaper.

Inanimate Nouns

Are the word which refer to a thing or concept and corelate with pronouns It and Which. Example: Bovhood, etc.

Animate Nouns

Refering to person, animal, or other creature and corelate with pronouns He, She, and Who. Example: Boy, Girl, Sheep, etc.

Plural Nouns

Word refer to more than one thing, or many things. Example; Children, Men, Feet, Women.

 

Singular Nouns

A single word refers to one object or thing. Example: Child, Man, Foot, Woman.

 Classifications of Pronouns

What are pronouns? pronouuns are words which replace a noun: I, Me, She, We, They, Who, That, Yours, His, Her, etc. Pronouns should only be used if the name of the person (or group of people), place (places), or thing (or things). Pronouns can be subjects or objects, are show possession.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns take the place of people or things. They can be either singular or plural, depending whether they refer to one or multiple nouns. Examples include I, me, we, and us.
Personal pronouns are usually either the subject of a sentence or an object within a sentence. Each personal pronoun has different forms depending on its function. For example, if a writer is referring to himself, he should use I if he’s the subject of a sentence, as in “I saw the dog.” If he’s the object, he should use me, as in “The dog saw me.”

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are personal pronouns that also indicate possession of something. They have singular forms (like my), and plural forms (like our). These pronouns often appear before the possessed item, but not always. For example, both “my car” and “the car is mine” both indicate the who owns the car.

Reflexive Pronouns

When a subject performs an action on itself, the sentence uses a reflexive pronoun after the verb. Reflexive pronouns include myself, himself, and herself. An example of a reflexive pronoun is found the common expression “I kicked myself.”

Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal pronouns are similar to reflexive pronouns, but they involve groups of two or more that perform the same action with one another. There are only two reciprocal pronouns: each other (for groups of two) and one another (for larger groups).

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun starts a clause (a group of words that refer to a noun). Who, that, and which are all relative pronouns. They can also serve as other types of pronouns, depending on the sentence. For example, in “I saw the dog that you own,” the relative pronoun that is the beginning of the clause that you own, which describes the dog.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns point out or modify a person or thing. There are four demonstrative pronouns: this and that (for singular words), and these and those (for plural words).

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns begin questions. For example, in “Who are you?”, the interrogative pronoun who starts the question. There are five interrogative pronouns: who, whom, and whose (for questions that involve people), and which and what (for questions that involve things).

Indefinite Pronouns

Like personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns refer to people or things, but they don’t have a specific person or thing to reference. Examples of indefinite pronouns include some, anyone, and everything.


Thats all from my summary, you know guys, now at 21.30 p.m I'm at Library of IAIN Purwokerto and I really really sleepy...I have to back to my Islamic Boarding School Now! see yaa next week Insha Allah.....